Rassismus?!

[Skeptiker]

[VanHanegem]

[Myron]

[Marcellinus]

[Myron]

Hier ist als Beispiel Stanley Garn's rassische Klassifikation (in Human Races, 1961), wobei er unter einer Rasse eine geographische Rasse, und darunter ein großräumig (kontinental, subkontinental oder insular) abgegrenztes Kollektiv lokaler Populationen versteht:



1. afrikanische Rasse (gelb)
2. amerindische Rasse (blau)
3. asiatische Rasse (hellblau)
4. australische Rasse (orange)
5. europäische Rasse (neongrün)
6. indische Rasse (rosa)
7. melanesisch-papuanische Rasse (red)
8. mikronesische Rasse (limettengrün)
9. polynesische Rasse (lila)

———
7, 8 und 9 sind die ozeanischen Rassen:



———

Ich würde von der europäischen Rasse (als zehnte) die orientalische Rasse abgrenzen:

"Der Kulturerdteil Orient deckt sich mit den topographischen Begriffen Nordafrika plus Südwestasien (die Begriffe Südwestasien und Vorderasien werden als synonym angesehen); der Orient besteht topographisch aus einem westlichen – nordafrikanischen – und östlichen – südwestasiatischen – Flügel."

(Stewig, Reinhard. Der Orient als Geosystem. Opladen: Leske & Budrich, 1977. S. 37)

[Myron]

[Myron]

[beachbernie]

[Myron]

[Myron]

[beachbernie]

Der Begriff "Population" sagt zunaechst mal rein gar nichts ueber die Verwandtschaft der Individuen, aus denen sie besteht, untereinander aus. Eine Population ist lediglich eine Gruppe von Individuen, die im gleichen geographischen Raum zusammenleben.

Wir hier auf Haida Gwaii bilden eine Population und uns gibt's in allen Farben.

[Myron]

[DonMartin]

[DonMartin]

[DonMartin]

Mohrenköpfe sind das neue Klopapier:
https://www.aargauerzeitung.ch/aargau/freiamt/bis-zu-5000-kartons-in-verzug-ich-kann-gar-nicht-so-viele-mohrenkoepfe-produzieren-wie-die-leute-wollen-138214769
Kauft Mohrenköpfe solange es sie noch gibt. Sonst landen sie womöglich in der Aare.

Interessant noch, was ein "Mohr" über Mohrenköpfe & Co denkt:
https://sz-magazin.sueddeutsche.de/leben-und-gesellschaft/in-der-grauzone-81487

[beachbernie]

Mohrenkoepfe? Wer sagt denn sowas? Das geht ja nun ueberhaupt nicht. Bei uns heissen die Negerküsse!

[VanHanegem]

[VanHanegem]

[VanHanegem]

[beachbernie]

[DonMartin]

[beachbernie]

[smallie]

[Myron]

ZITAT>
"In a recent textbook of taxonomy, I defined a "geographic race" or subspecies as "an aggregate of phenotypically similar populations of a species inhabiting a geographic subdivision of the range of that species and differing taxonomically from other populations of that species." A subspecies is a geographic race that is sufficiently different taxonomically to be worthy of a separate name. What is characteristic of a geographic race is, first, that it is restricted to a geographic subdivision of the range of a species, and second, that in spite of certain diagnostic differences, it is part of a larger species. No matter what the cause of the racial difference might be, the fact that species of organisms may have geographic races has been demonstrated so frequently that it can no longer be denied. And the geographic races of the human races – established before the voyages of European discovery and subsequent rise of a global economy – agree in most characteristics with the geographic races of animals. Recognizing races is only recognizing a biological fact. "
(p. 90)

"[N]othing could be more meaningless than to evaluate races in terms of their putative "superiority." Superiority where, when, and under what circumstances?"
(p. 91)

"When dealing with human races we must think of them as the inhabitants of the geographic region in which they had originated."
(p. 91)

"A human race consists of the descendants of a once-isolated geographical population primarily adapted for the environmental conditions of their original home country."
(p. 91)

"[A]lthough there are certain genetic differences between races, there is no genetic evidence whatsoever to justify the uncomplimentary evaluation that members of one race have some times made of members of other races. There simply is no biological basis for racism."
(p. 92)

(Mayr, Ernst. "The Biology of Race and the Concept of Equality." Daedalus 131/1 (2002): 89–94.)
<ZITAT

Interessant ist, dass Mayr Subspezies mit geographischen Rassen gleichsetzt.

ZITAT>
"The Subspecies

The term subspecies, when it came into general usage in taxonomy during the nineteenth century, was a replacement for "variety" in its meaning of geographic race. As a consequence the term "subspecies" was endowed from the very beginning with all the typological shortcomings of the term "variety." It was considered a taxonomic unit like the morphological species, with the same objectives but on a lower taxonomic level. Corresponding to the species defined as a unit comprising those individuals that conform to the type of the species, the subspecies was defined as a unit consisting of those individuals that conform to the type of the subspecies.

This concept of the subspecies is fallacious. Species are not composites of uniform subtypes—subspecies—but consist of an almost infinite number of local populations, each in turn (in sexual species) consisting of genetically different individuals. The difficulties of the subspecies concept are intensified if one considers the subspecies not merely as a practical device of the taxonomist, but also as a "unit of evolution." The better the geographic variation of a species is known, the more difficult it becomes to delimit subspecies and the more obvious it becomes that many such delimitations are quite arbitrary.

It is now apparent that the subspecies is not a unit of evolution except where it coincides with a geographical isolate. In all other cases it is merely a convenient pigeonholing device of the practicing taxonomist, who must be aware at all times of the shortcomings of this category, as discussed by Mayr (1969).

The modern definition of the subspecies is exceedingly different from that of the Linnaean geographic variety. It attempts to meet the various objections listed above and may be worded as follows: A subspecies is an aggregate of phenotypically similar populations of a species inhabiting a geographic subdivision of the range of the species and differing taxonomically from other populations of the species. It is important to emphasize certain aspects of this definition:

(1) A subspecies is a collective category because every subspecies consists of many local populations, all of which are slightly different from each other genetically and phenotypically.

(2) Every subspecies has a formal name (trinominal nomenclature) and it would obviously lead to nomenclatural chaos if every slightly differing local population were to be dignified by a trinomen. Therefore subspecies are to be named only if they differ "taxonomically," that is, by diagnostic morphological characters. How great this taxonomic difference ought to be can be determined only through agreement among working taxonomists.

(3) Although it is usually possible to assign populations to subspecies, it is often impossible to do this for individuals because of the individual variability of each population and the overlap of the curves of variation of adjacent populations.

(4) A subspecies inhabits a definite geographic subdivision of the range of the species, a necessary consequence of the fact that subspecies are composed of populations and each population occupies part of the range. The distribution of the subspecies will be determined largely by the correlation between the diagnostic characters and the environment; consequently the range of a subspecies may sometimes be discontinuous (polytopic subspecies).

All attempts either to replace the subspecies with a different term or to abandon the category altogether have been found unacceptable by most taxonomists. The category subspecies continues to be a convenient means of classifying population samples in geographically variable species, in particular in those with phenotypically distinct geographical isolates. It must be realized, however, that in many cases the subspecies is an artifact rather than a unit of evolution."

(Mayr, Ernst. Populations, Species, and Evolution. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1970. pp. 210-1)
<ZITAT

[narr]

Ernst Walter Mayr (*1904 - † 2005)

So groß die Verdienste von Mayr auch sind und so interessant noch immer etliche Gedanken von ihm... heißt ja nicht, dass er unfehlbar gewesen wäre und einige seiner Ansichten nicht diskutabel waren/sind.

Außerdem weiß man nicht was Mayr heutzutage sagen würde. Und sein Hang zu ad hominem ist bekannt.

[Skeptiker]

[wolle]

[fwo]

[fwo]

[narr]