Rassismus?!

[fwo]

[VanHanegem]

[wolle]

[DonMartin]

[wolle]

[wolle]

[beachbernie]

[Myron]

[Myron]

[beachbernie]

[narr]

Körpergröße ist etwas grundlegend anderes als postulierte "Rassen". Zu schließen, weil es das eine gibt, müsse es auch das andere geben ist ein Fehlschluss.

Menschenrassen

[wolle]

[vrolijke]

[Myron]

[narr]

Du hast aber den Vergleich gebracht und damit eine Vergleichbarkeit suggeriert.
Aber was soll's. Gegen solche Galileo's ist ja sowieso kein ankommen

[fwo]

[Ahriman]

[vrolijke]

[wolle]

[smallie]

[Marcellinus]

[smallie]

[Myron]

[Myron]

[Marcellinus]

[Myron]

[Myron]

Im englischsprachigen Raum findet sich neben dem Wort "racism" das Wort "racialism". Letzteres kann in Anlehnung an analoge Wortbildungen im Deutschen ("klassisch" –> "Klassizismus", "romantisch" –> "Romantizismus") mit "Rassizismus" übersetzt werden ("rassisch" –> "Rassizismus").

"Racism" und "racialism" können synonym verwendet werden, aber die meisten Theoretiker tun dies nicht – wobei es leider keine von allen verwendete Definition gibt, die "racism" und "racialism" unterscheidet. Die einen verstehen darunter ganz allgemein und wertfrei "racial realism" ("Rassenrealismus"), d.i. die rein beschreibende Ansicht, dass es Rassen gibt, wohingegen andere darunter den besonderen traditionellen und als rassistisch geltenden Rassenrealismus verstehen, der mit einer ganz bestimmten (essenzialistischen) Rassenauffassung verbunden ist.

ZITAT>
"The first doctrine is the view—which I shall call racialism—that there are heritable characteristics, possessed by members of our species, which allow us to divide them into a small set of races, in such a way that all the members of these races share certain traits and tendencies with each other that they do not share with members of any other race. These traits and tendencies characteristic of a race constitute, on the racialist view, a sort of racial essence; it is part of the content of racialism that the essential heritable characteristics of the 'Races of Man' account for more than the visible morphological characteristics—skin color, hair type, facial features—on the basis of which we make our informal classifications. Racialism is at the heart of nineteenth-century attempts to develop a science of racial difference, but it appears to have been believed by others—like Hegel, before then, and Crummell and many Africans since—who have had no interest in developing scientific theories.

Racialism is not, in itself, a doctrine that must be dangerous, even if the racial essence is thought to entail moral and intellectual dispositions. Provided positive moral qualities are distributed across the races, each can be respected, can have its 'separate but equal' place. Unlike most Western-educated people, I believe—and I shall argue in the essay on Du Bois—that racialism is false, but by itself, it seems to be a cognitive rather than a moral problem. The issue is how the world is, not how we would want it to be.

Racialism is, however, a presupposition of other doctrines that have been called 'racism', and these other doctrines have been, in the last few centuries, the basis of a great deal of human suffering and the source of a great deal of moral error."

(Appiah, Anthony K. In My Father's House: Africa in the Philosophy of Culture. New York: Oxford University Press, 1992. p. 13)

"…the essence of what I call racialism. …[The belief] that we could divide human beings into a small number of groups, called “races,” in such a way that the members of these groups shared certain fundamental, heritable, physical, moral, intellectual, and cultural characteristics with one another that they did not share with members of any other race."

(Appiah, Anthony K., and Amy Gutman. Color Conscious: The Political Morality of Race. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1996. p. 54)
———
"The Racialist Race Concept Defined:
So what is the racialist concept of race? In its classical form, it is the race concept that

1. holds that each member of each race exhibits a fixed set of “heritable” physical, moral, intellectual, and cultural characteristics common and peculiar to his or her race;

2. requires a “strict” correlation between a race’s distinctive pattern of visible physical features and its constellation of moral, intellectual, and cultural characteristics;

3. demands that a race possess a hidden or under lying biological structure— a biological essence that acts on each member of the race and accounts for the correlation between a race’s distinctive pattern of visible physical features and its constellation of moral, intellectual, and cultural characteristics; and

4. insists that a race be rankable on the basis of its constellation of moral, intellectual, and cultural characteristics.

This characterization specifies the elements that make the racialist race concept a racialist race concept."

(Hardimon, Michael O. Rethinking Race: The Case for Deflationary Realism. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2017. pp. 15-6)
———
"racialism—belief that there are human races or that humankind is divided into races.
racism—negative assessment of some human races and their members, compared to others."

(Zack, Naomi. Philosophy of Race: An Introduction. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan, 2018. p. 20)

"Racism is unjustified bias about people and groups because of their racial identities. Racialism is thought or action based on the belief that human races are real and the differences among races are important."

(Zack, Naomi. Philosophy of Race: An Introduction. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan, 2018. p. 52)
———
"Throughout this book, a distinction is made between racialism and racism. Racialism describes, distinguishes, and classifies racial or phenotypic (observable) physical difference among humans. Racialism includes scientific and ideological approaches that take notice and account of race. Racial data counted and recorded in the U.S. Census, in some medical studies, and in affirmative action profiles is racialist. Biomedical research comparing data on “blacks” and “whites,” for example, in a study of high blood pressure, is racialist, that is, it uses race as a significant variable in science. Racism takes note of racial difference but evaluates that difference, ranking it into superior or inferior, higher or lower racial types. Racial profiling of black shoppers, Latino drivers, or Arab airline passengers is both racialist—taking account of race—and racist, judging black shoppers as potential thieves, Latino drivers as transporting drugs, and Arab passengers as potential hijackers or terrorists. Racism both takes note of race and makes judgments about good and bad behavior, better or worse attributes."

(Fluehr-Lobban, Carolyn. Race and Racism: An Introduction. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2019. pp. 3-4)
<ZITAT

[Marcellinus]

[VanHanegem]

[wolle]